The Union commander, recognizing the importance of holding Gettysburg because a dozen roads converged there, fought desperately to hold off the Rebel advance. On July 1, some Confederate infantry headed to Gettysburg to seize much-needed shoes and clashed west of town with Union cavalry. When a scout reported the Union approach, Lee ordered his scattered troops to converge west of the small village of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This action left Lee blind to the Union's position. Meade's effort was inadvertently helped by Lee's cavalry commander, Jeb Stuart, who, instead of reporting Union movements to Lee, had gone off on a raid deep in the Union rear. As Lee's troops poured into Pennsylvania, Mead led the Union Army north from Washington. In response to this threat President Lincoln replaced his army commander, General Joseph Hooker, with General George Mead.
Lee led his Confederate Army across the Potomac River and headed towards Pennsylvania.
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